![]() ![]() These key surface properties-bioinert and stealth versus interactive at the target site-are in contradiction to each other so that the best compromise between them has to be found. Bioinert and stealth surface features are advantageous to avoid unintended interactions with endogenous surfaces at off-target sites and with the immune system, whereas at the target site these carriers should be highly interactive guaranteeing intracellular delivery of their payload. Their performance strongly depends on the surface chemistry, which governs their interaction with the biological environment. Nanocarriers (NCs) have emerged as powerful tools to improve drug solubility, to promote drug transport across membranes, to protect their payload from premature degradation, and to deliver drugs in a controlled and targeted manner.
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